NaimExplain

Summarize effective communication strategies in organizational hierarchies, and review the role and relevance of the organizational grapevine Some companies try to encourage communication through workspace design, as well as through Web-based communication channels. some executives also meet directly with employees, such as through management by walking around (MBWA) and town hall meetings, to facilitate communication across the organization. In any organization, employees rely on the grapevine, particularly during times of uncertainty. The grapevine is an unstructured and informal network founded on social relationships rather than organizational charts or job descriptions. Although early research identified several unique features of the grapevine, some of these features may be changing as the Internet plays an increasing role in grapevine communication.

Explain how to get your message across more effectively, and summarize the elements of active listening To get a message across, the sender must learn to empathize with the receiver, repeat the message, choose an appropriate time for the conversation, and be descriptive rather than evaluative. Listening includes sensing, evaluating, and responding. Active listeners support these processes by postponing evaluation, avoiding interruptions, maintaining interest, empathizing, organizing information, showing interest, and clarifying the message.

Discuss various barriers (noise) to effective communication, including cross-cultural and gender-based differences in communication  Several barriers create noise in the communication process. People misinterpret messages because of misaligned codebooks due to different languages, jargon, and use of ambiguous phrases. Filtering messages and information overload are two other communication barriers. These problems are often amplified in cross-cultural settings where the above problems occur along with differences in meaning of nonverbal cues, silence, and conversational overlaps. There are also some communication differences between men and women, such as the tendency for men to exert status and engage in report talk in conversations, whereas women use more rapport talk and are more sensitive than are men to nonverbal cues.

Explain how social acceptance and media richness influence the preferred communication channel The most appropriate communication medium partly depends on its social acceptance and media richness. Social acceptance refers to how well the communication medium is approved and supported by the organization, teams, and individuals. This contingency includes organization and team norms, individual preferences for specific communication channels, and the symbolic meaning of a channel. A communication medium should also be chosen for its data-carrying capacity (media richness). Non-routine and ambiguous situations require rich media. However, technology-based lean media might be almost as effective as rich media for transferring information. This particularly occurs where users can multi-communicate and have high proficiency with that technology, and where social distractions of high media richness channels reduce the efficient processing of information through those channels. These c...

Compare and contrast the advantages of and problems with electronic mail, other verbal communication media, and nonverbal communication The two main types of communication channels are verbal and nonverbal. Various forms of Web-based communication are widely used in organizations, with email the most popular. Although efficient and a useful filing cabinet, email is relatively poor at communicating emotions; it tends to reduce politeness and respect; it is an inefficient medium for communicating in ambiguous, complex, and novel situations; and it contributes to information overload. Facebook-like websites, wikis, virtual reality platforms, and other forms of social media are gaining popularity in the workplace. Social media include Web-based tools (websites, applications, etc.) that allow users to generate and exchange information. They serve several functions, including presenting the individual's identity, enabling conversations, sharing information, sensing the presence of o...

Explain why communication is important in organizations and discuss four influences on effective communication encoding and decoding ? Communication refers to the process by which information is transmitted and understood between two or more people. Communication supports work coordination, organizational learning, decision-making, changing others' behaviour, and employee well-being. The communication process involves forming, encoding, and transmitting the intended message to a receiver, who then decodes the message and provides feedback to the sender. Effective communication occurs when the sender's thoughts are transmitted to and understood by the intended receiver. Four ways to improve this process is for both sender and receiver to be proficient with the communication channel, have similar codebooks, have shared common mental models of the communication context, and for the sender to be experienced at sending that message