NaimExplain

How DNA mutations can alter protein structure ? Silent: First understand that ACU and AUU could code for the same amino acid, likewise there are some codons that code for the same amino acid. So a silent mutation is one in which a nucleotide is switched but the amino acid is the same Substitution: This is when a nucleotide switches with another and the amino acid is different Insertion: This is when an extra nucleotide jumps into the mRNA chain and therefore pushes everything after it out of place Deletion: This is when a nucleotide is lost in the mRNA chain and therefore pulls everything after it out of place Frame Shift: Insertion and Deletion are Frame Shift mutations because the mess up the "frame" of the mRNA chain.  Ex. |the||dog||ate||the||cat| Insertion: |the|dog|dat|eth|eca|t Deletion: |the|dog|tet|hec|at

The process of DNA replication Answer: Along a chain of DNA origins of replication begin to split the DNA into two daughter pairs. The strands unwind and everything left of the origins (for the bottom strand and right for the top) are bonded with corresponding ACTG and deoxyribose and phosphate. These are bonded in separate chunks called Okazaki fragments. Then the separate pieces are primed at their ends. Then ligase bonds them. The reason this must be done is because of the 5' to 3' problem. Everything to the right side of the origin of replication (for the bottom pair strand and left for the top) smoothly is replicated using complimentary base pairing. Then the "bubbles" connect to make two daughter pairs from the original one.