NaimExplain

List the AHA recommended dietary guidelines for healthy diet. Answer: don't smoke; maintain a healthy weight; engage in regular physical activity; eat a healthy diet; manage blood pressure; take charge of cholesterol; and keep blood sugar, or glucose, at healthy levels.

How is classic hemophilia treated? Answer: Classic hemophilia is treated with the administration of concentrated factor VIII and transfusion of whole blood.

What symptoms does a patient experience with a transfusion incompatibility? Answer: In transfusion incompatibility reaction include chills, fever, and back pain.

Which lymphoma a characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymphatic issue? Answer: Hodgkin's disease is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymphatic tissue.

How does lymphedema differ from lymphangitis? Answer: Lymphedema: an abnormal collection of lymph, usually in the extremities. Lymphangitis: an inflammation of the lymph vessels.

Which leukemia is considered more a disease of later life? Answer: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs most often in adults over the age of 40, whereas acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) is the most common adult leukemia.

What are typical symptoms in all types of leukemia? Answer: Leukemia symptoms include fever, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly.

What are some usual causes of agranulocytosis? Answer: Most common causes are drug toxicity and hypersensitivity.

How are the following anemias differentiated: aplastic, sickle cell, hemolytic, iron-deficiency, hemorrhagic, and pernicious? Answer: Iron-deficiency anemia: insufficient iron intake due to hemorrhage or condition of slow bleeding such as bleeding hemorrhoids. Folic acid deficiency anemia: a condition in which insufficient amounts of folic acid are available for DNA synthesis, preventing maturation of blood cells. Aplastic anemia: a condition resulting from an insult to the hematopoietic cells (stem cells) in the bone marrow. Sickle cell anemia: chronic hereditary hemolytic form of anemia, in the United States found primarily in African-Americans.

What are some possible causes of anemia? Answer: Possible causes are blood loss, lack of red blood cell production, and high rates of red blood cell destruction.

What are the presenting symptoms of anemia? Answer: Symptoms of anemia include fatigue, pale appearance, and dizziness.

Which conditions may precipitate an episode of Raynaud's disease? Answer: Exposure to cold, stress, and smoking may trigger an episode of Raynaud's disease. It also may be secondary to another disease.

What medical intervention is available for severe varicose veins? Answer: Medical intervention for severe varicose veins includes rest and elevation of the legs, exercise, warm soaks, and support stockings.

What is the relationship of phlebitis to thrombophlebitis? Why should the clinician avoid massage of the affected area? Answer: Deep venous phlebitis can stimulate the formation of thrombus on the vessel wall (thrombophlebitis). Massage may dislodge a clot as an emboli.

How might an aneurysm be detected? When are they a serious threat? Answer: Diagnostic procedures to detect an aneurysm include x-ray studies, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? Why are both conditions a health threat? Arteriosclerosis: a condition that occurs when the walls of the arterioles thicken, with loss of elasticity and contractility. Atherosclerosis: a thickening and hardening of the arteries that occurs when plaques of cholesterol and lipids form in the arterial tunica intima.

What is the relationship between venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli? Answer: Emboli : clots of aggregated material (usually blood) that can lodge in a blood vessel and inhibit the blood flow. Venous thrombosis : blood clot that has formed in the deep veins of the legs.

What is cardiac tamponade? Answer: Cardiac tamponade is the rupture of a coronary epicardial or pericardial vessel, resulting in blood trapped in the pericardial sac.

Why is shock considered a life-threatening emergency? What are the signs and symptoms? Answer: In shock, the collapse of the cardiovascular system, with a decrease in the amount of blood that is effectively circulating in the body, causes inadequate perfusion of organs and tissues, which results in oxygen deprivation to vital organs. Signs and symptoms of shock include rapid, weak, thready pulse, rapid breathing, and drop in blood pressure.

What are some of the treatment options for cardiac arrhythmias? Answer: Anticoagulants, especially Coumadin, are given to prevent a thromboembolism resulting again.