NaimExplain

What is the difference between near transfer and far transfer? Answer: Near transfer occurs more easily and accurately, far transfer is harder to grasp and just harder to transfer in general.

Using the basic transfer design, how does a researcher know when negative transfer has occurred? Why? Answer: When the experimental group does worse on task 2 than the control group. For example, an experimental group learns how to play tennis. The control group rests. Then, both of these groups learn how to play racquetball. Usually, the control group will play better because the experimental group has tennis in mind.

Using the basic transfer design, how does a researcher know when a positive transfer has occurred? Why? Answer: When the experimental group does better on task two than the control group because what they learned in task one has aided them in learning in some way.

What are the essential elements of Spence's Gradient Theory of discrimination? Answer: S+ creates a gradient of excitation (green), S- creates a gradient of inhibition (red). The tendency to respond to a new stimulus reflects the net difference between excitation and inhibition.

What are the essential elements of Pavlov's Brain Theory of discrimination? Answer: The reinforce stimulus (S+) creates an area of excitation in the brain that produces a response(R). The non-reinforced stimulus (S-), creates an area of inhibition in the brain that inhibits responding and produces non responding (NR).