Explain how DNA mutations can alter protein structure

How DNA mutations can alter protein structure ?

Silent: First understand that ACU and AUU could code for the same amino acid, likewise there are some codons that code for the same amino acid. So a silent mutation is one in which a nucleotide is switched but the amino acid is the same

Substitution: This is when a nucleotide switches with another and the amino acid is different

Insertion: This is when an extra nucleotide jumps into the mRNA chain and therefore pushes everything after it out of place

Deletion: This is when a nucleotide is lost in the mRNA chain and therefore pulls everything after it out of place

Frame Shift: Insertion and Deletion are Frame Shift mutations because the mess up the "frame" of the mRNA chain. 

Ex. |the||dog||ate||the||cat|

Insertion: |the|dog|dat|eth|eca|t

Deletion: |the|dog|tet|hec|at