What is the general rule that limits when and where you can conduct observational studies without the consent of the subjects? What implications does this rule have for each of the two ways of conducting observational studies?

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What is the general rule that limits when and where you can conduct observational studies without the consent of the subjects? What implications does this rule have for each of the two ways of conducting observational studies?



Answer: The general rule on conducting observational studies without consent is that it may only occur when and where there is no expectation of privacy. Therefore, naturalistic observation can only be done in public places and participant observation can't be done at all (without prior consent).

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