What are the key threats for each of the two ways of conducting an observational study?

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What are the key threats for each of the two ways of conducting an observational study?



Answer: The key threat to naturalistic observation is reactivity which can be very strong if the subjects notice that the observers are watching; in other words, it is crucial that the observers not be caught. The key threat to participant observation is the standard form of experimenter bias which is hard to avoid when the observers are forced to interact with the subjects.

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