Explain how enzyme activity can be regulated or controlled by environmental factors, co-factors, and enzyme inhibitors.

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Explain how enzyme activity can be regulated or controlled by environmental factors, co-factors, and enzyme inhibitors.



Enzyme activity can be regulated by temperature and pH. With temperature, the rate of an enzymatic reaction increases with increasing temperature. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature at which its reaction rate is greatest. With pH, enzymes also have an optimal pH at which it is most active. The optimal pH values for most enzymes are 6-8. For both factors, if it passes the optimal value, the protein will denature. Cofactors are required for catalytic activity. Cofactors are any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. There are two types of enzyme inhibitors, one which binds to the active site and blocks catalysis (competitive inhibitors) and one that binds at the allosteric site and causes a conformational change. (non-competitive inhibitors).

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