Explain 'packetization' as it applies to internet, ethernet, and other packet networks. What are the 'checksums', and how do networks insure error-free delivery of packets?

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Explain 'packetization' as it applies to internet, ethernet, and other packet networks. What are the 'checksums', and how do networks insure error-free delivery of packets?



Packetization describes the way ethernet and internet prepare data to move to another MAC or IP address. Data is bundled into packets according to a specific protocol.

Ethernet packets and internet packets fit together like hand and glove, so well that we percieve a 'stream' of data (with occasional glitches) as a voice or video stream. Neither Ether- nor Inter-nets carry streams of data like dedicated telephone or data circuits do. They dice the stream up to fit into 'packets'; calculate a 'checksum' that describes each packet's 'load'; add the checksum to the packet with other important stuff like destination and source address; dispatch the packet to the destination over the network(s). The network OS at the destination receives the packet, calculates the checksum on the load it receives, if the checksum agrees it accepts the load else it asks for the packet to be retransmitted. (Error Correction thru Re-transmission)

On an Internet, a stream's packets may follow the same, or different, routes across the 'net. On the other end, the packets are assembled in sequenced as they arrive, error-checked, and accepted if correct or re-requested if there is an error. We expect, and get, error free transmission over our networks, or the data doesn't flow...

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