NaimExplain

Haemostatic and antifibrinolytic drugs are useful in the treatment of: a. stroke b. haemophilia c. thromboembolism d. anaemia. Answer: B

The use of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 is indicated in: a. anaemia b. haemophilia c. haemodynamic shock d. chronic malnutrition. Answer: A

Which would not be considered a mechanism of action of antiplatelet drugs? a. Inhibition of ADP binding to platelet receptors b. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation c. Blockade of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors d. Inhibition of plasminogen activation Answer: D

Which of the following drugs, when prescribed concurrently with heparin, could lead to an increased chance of haemorrhage? a. Vitamin K b. Aspirin c. Iron d. Protamine sulfate Answer: B

An adverse reaction possible to both anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents is: a. rash b. bleeding c. anaphylaxis d. severe headaches. Answer: B

What drug is considered the first choice in the prevention of thromboembolism in pregnancy? a. Aspirin b. Streptokinase c. Dalteparin d. Warfarin Answer: C

Which drug is given in the case of overdose with heparin? a. Epoetin alfa b. Tranexamic acid c. Protamine d. Vitamin K Answer: C

Which anticoagulant is indicated for oral administration? a. Protamine b. Warfarin c. Heparin d. Dalteparin Answer: B

The initial mechanism of action of heparin is: a. combining with antithrombin III b. interference with Vitamin K synthesis c. inhibition of platelet aggregation d. stimulating conversion of plasmin to plasminogen. Answer: A

In order to prevent thromboembolic disorders, it is desirable to use: a. haemopoetics b. anticoagulants c. thrombolytic d. haemostatics. Answer: B

Name four (4) risk factors which increase the probability of stroke.  Answer: Four risk factors which increase the probability of stroke are: - Smoking - Obesity and overweight - Hypertension - heart disease - High blood cholesterol levels - Diabetes - Previous TIA

What is the Monroe Kellie Hypothesis and why is this important to your patient with increased intracranial pressure?  Answer: In the adult, the rigid cranial cavity created by the skull is normally filled to capacity with three essentially non-compressible elements: the brain (80%), cerebrospinal fluid (8%) and blood (12%). A state of dynamic equilibrium exists; if the volume of any of the three components increases, the volume of the others must decrease to maintain normal pressures within the cranial cavity. This is known as the Monro-Kellie hypothesis.