NaimExplain

Would you ever confess to a crime you did not commit? Defend your answer using evidence from empirical research. I would like to believe I would never confess to a crime I didn't commit but as this course has taught me, easily over 50% of people could be made to falsely confess to a crime they didn't commit. It has been shown that innocent people are more likely to waive their right to an attorney than guilty people. People believe that their own innocence will protect them. Research by Kassin has shown that it does not. The Innocent Project has cited approximately 25% of their cases have involved false confessions given by a suspect that were legally obtained meaning they weren't threaten or beaten out of them. Police use something called the Reid technique which consists of 9 steps designed to extract a confession from an unwilling suspect. This method includes interrupting any effort to deny the claims, the interviewer showing sympathy and offering alternative v...

Discuss three factors that influence court decisions. 1) attractiveness, 2) similarity of a defendant to a juror, 3) athlete

What is a simultaneous lineup? Sequential? Show-up? Which is best? Why? Simultaneous lineup: A lineup type that presents photos together in one array Sequential lineup: A lineup type where photos are presented individually and witness must make a yes or no before moving on. This is the best method as it significantly reduces error rates compared to other line up types Show-up: The live presentation of a criminal suspect to a victim or witness of a crime.

What is the cognitive interview and how can it be used by police? Cognitive Interviews is an interview technique based in cognitive psychology, focusing on context reinstatement to enhance recall of events Police use CI to recall witness memory. They create a rapport with the person and then ask them to "go back" to the event and having them visualize. They use open ended question and encourage witnesses to use complete answers.

What are some influences on memory? - Are influenced by our beliefs and expectations - Are influenced by police expectations - Are influenced by leading questions - Can be created through hypnosis

Discuss Memories are like impressions on wax tablets. Errors can creep in to witness memory from the moment after the crime occurs. Witnesses talk to each other, and that talking does affect memory for the event. We have to remember that memory is not a wax tablet, as Socrates argued. Memory is malleable, and changes over time, particularly when we learn new information about an event in our past. We have to remember that memories not only change, but: - Are influenced by our beliefs and expectations - Are influenced by police expectations - Are influenced by leading questions - Can be created through hypnosis Robert Baltovich learned that all too well when he was convicted based on the "hypnotically enhanced" testimony of a witness. Definition: Cognitive interview: An interview technique based in cognitive psychology, focusing on context reinstatement to enhance recall of events Simultaneous lineup: A lineup type that presents photos together in one arra...

How many eyewitnesses make mistakes from real-world police lineups? In lab-based research? Why did it take so long for this to happen? It took the right person to be falsely convicted before people started paying attention. Tom Sophonow was not the first man to be falsely convicted in the Canadian legal system. In fact, his conviction was probably not the most spectacular false conviction in Canadian history either. However, his conviction led to a judicial inquiry that changed how police do their investigation, and what kind of evidence they can use. The following video is Dr. Elizabeth Loftus talking about her research on errors in memory in legal contexts. We will delve more into this throughout this module, but please watch it now for an overview: As you should have taken from the video you just watched, eyewitness testimony is very compelling. Eyewitnesses are believed even when their evidence is discredited. People are not good at distinguishing between a correct and inc...